vpMbEdgeKltTracker.cpp

/****************************************************************************
 *
 * ViSP, open source Visual Servoing Platform software.
 * Copyright (C) 2005 - 2023 by Inria. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * See the file LICENSE.txt at the root directory of this source
 * distribution for additional information about the GNU GPL.
 *
 * For using ViSP with software that can not be combined with the GNU
 * GPL, please contact Inria about acquiring a ViSP Professional
 * Edition License.
 *
 * See https://visp.inria.fr for more information.
 *
 * This software was developed at:
 * Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique
 * Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu
 * 35042 Rennes Cedex
 * France
 *
 * If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
 * Inria at visp@inria.fr
 *
 * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * Description:
 * Hybrid tracker based on edges (vpMbt) and points of interests (KLT)
 *
*****************************************************************************/
 
//#define VP_DEBUG_MODE 1 // Activate debug level 1
 
#include <visp3/core/vpDebug.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpTrackingException.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpVelocityTwistMatrix.h>
#include <visp3/mbt/vpMbEdgeKltTracker.h>
#include <visp3/mbt/vpMbtXmlGenericParser.h>
 
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_MODULE_KLT) && defined(VISP_HAVE_OPENCV) && defined(HAVE_OPENCV_IMGPROC) && defined(HAVE_OPENCV_VIDEO)
 
BEGIN_VISP_NAMESPACE
vpMbEdgeKltTracker::vpMbEdgeKltTracker()
  : m_thresholdKLT(2.), m_thresholdMBT(2.), m_maxIterKlt(30), m_w_mbt(), m_w_klt(), m_error_hybrid(), m_w_hybrid()
{
  computeCovariance = false;
 
#ifdef VISP_HAVE_OGRE
  faces.getOgreContext()->setWindowName("MBT Hybrid");
#endif
 
  m_lambda = 0.8;
  m_maxIter = 200;
}
 
vpMbEdgeKltTracker::~vpMbEdgeKltTracker() { }
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::init(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I)
{
  vpMbKltTracker::init(I);
 
  initPyramid(I, Ipyramid);
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::resetMovingEdge();
 
  unsigned int i = (unsigned int)scales.size();
  do {
    i--;
    if (scales[i]) {
      downScale(i);
      initMovingEdge(*Ipyramid[i], m_cMo);
      upScale(i);
    }
  } while (i != 0);
 
  cleanPyramid(Ipyramid);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::setPose(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cdMo)
{
  vpMbKltTracker::setPose(I, cdMo);
 
  resetMovingEdge();
 
  if (useScanLine) {
    m_cam.computeFov(I.getWidth(), I.getHeight());
    faces.computeClippedPolygons(m_cMo, m_cam);
    faces.computeScanLineRender(m_cam, I.getWidth(), I.getHeight());
  }
 
  initPyramid(I, Ipyramid);
 
  unsigned int i = (unsigned int)scales.size();
  do {
    i--;
    if (scales[i]) {
      downScale(i);
      initMovingEdge(*Ipyramid[i], m_cMo);
      upScale(i);
    }
  } while (i != 0);
 
  cleanPyramid(Ipyramid);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::setPose(const vpImage<vpRGBa> &I_color, const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cdMo)
{
  vpImageConvert::convert(I_color, m_I);
  vpMbKltTracker::setPose(m_I, cdMo);
 
  resetMovingEdge();
 
  if (useScanLine) {
    m_cam.computeFov(m_I.getWidth(), m_I.getHeight());
    faces.computeClippedPolygons(m_cMo, m_cam);
    faces.computeScanLineRender(m_cam, m_I.getWidth(), m_I.getHeight());
  }
 
  initPyramid(m_I, Ipyramid);
 
  unsigned int i = (unsigned int)scales.size();
  do {
    i--;
    if (scales[i]) {
      downScale(i);
      initMovingEdge(*Ipyramid[i], m_cMo);
      upScale(i);
    }
  } while (i != 0);
 
  cleanPyramid(Ipyramid);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::resetTracker()
{
  vpMbEdgeTracker::resetTracker();
  vpMbKltTracker::resetTracker();
}
 
unsigned int vpMbEdgeKltTracker::initMbtTracking(unsigned int lvl)
{
  if (lvl >= scales.size() || !scales[lvl]) {
    throw vpException(vpException::dimensionError, "lvl not used.");
  }
 
  unsigned int nbrow = 0;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::iterator it = lines[lvl].begin(); it != lines[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    vpMbtDistanceLine *l = *it;
 
    if (l->isTracked()) {
      l->initInteractionMatrixError();
      nbrow += l->nbFeatureTotal;
    }
  }
 
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[lvl].begin(); it != cylinders[lvl].end();
    ++it) {
    vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy = *it;
 
    if (cy->isTracked()) {
      cy->initInteractionMatrixError();
      nbrow += cy->nbFeature;
    }
  }
 
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[lvl].begin(); it != circles[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci = *it;
 
    if (ci->isTracked()) {
      ci->initInteractionMatrixError();
      nbrow += ci->nbFeature;
    }
  }
 
  return nbrow;
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::loadConfigFile(const std::string &configFile, bool verbose)
{
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_PUGIXML)
// Load projection error config
  vpMbTracker::loadConfigFile(configFile, verbose);
 
  vpMbtXmlGenericParser xmlp(vpMbtXmlGenericParser::EDGE_PARSER | vpMbtXmlGenericParser::KLT_PARSER);
  xmlp.setVerbose(verbose);
  xmlp.setCameraParameters(m_cam);
  xmlp.setAngleAppear(vpMath::deg(angleAppears));
  xmlp.setAngleDisappear(vpMath::deg(angleDisappears));
 
  xmlp.setEdgeMe(me);
 
  xmlp.setKltMaxFeatures(10000);
  xmlp.setKltWindowSize(5);
  xmlp.setKltQuality(0.01);
  xmlp.setKltMinDistance(5);
  xmlp.setKltHarrisParam(0.01);
  xmlp.setKltBlockSize(3);
  xmlp.setKltPyramidLevels(3);
  xmlp.setKltMaskBorder(maskBorder);
 
  try {
    if (verbose) {
      std::cout << " *********** Parsing XML for Mb Edge KLT Tracker ************ " << std::endl;
    }
    xmlp.parse(configFile.c_str());
  }
  catch (...) {
    vpERROR_TRACE("Can't open XML file \"%s\"\n ", configFile.c_str());
    throw vpException(vpException::ioError, "problem to parse configuration file.");
  }
 
  vpCameraParameters camera;
  xmlp.getCameraParameters(camera);
  setCameraParameters(camera);
 
  angleAppears = vpMath::rad(xmlp.getAngleAppear());
  angleDisappears = vpMath::rad(xmlp.getAngleDisappear());
 
  if (xmlp.hasNearClippingDistance())
    setNearClippingDistance(xmlp.getNearClippingDistance());
 
  if (xmlp.hasFarClippingDistance())
    setFarClippingDistance(xmlp.getFarClippingDistance());
 
  if (xmlp.getFovClipping()) {
    setClipping(vpMbEdgeTracker::clippingFlag | vpPolygon3D::FOV_CLIPPING);
  }
 
  useLodGeneral = xmlp.getLodState();
  minLineLengthThresholdGeneral = xmlp.getLodMinLineLengthThreshold();
  minPolygonAreaThresholdGeneral = xmlp.getLodMinPolygonAreaThreshold();
 
  applyLodSettingInConfig = false;
  if (this->getNbPolygon() > 0) {
    applyLodSettingInConfig = true;
    setLod(useLodGeneral);
    setMinLineLengthThresh(minLineLengthThresholdGeneral);
    setMinPolygonAreaThresh(minPolygonAreaThresholdGeneral);
  }
 
  vpMe meParser;
  xmlp.getEdgeMe(meParser);
  vpMbEdgeTracker::setMovingEdge(meParser);
 
  tracker.setMaxFeatures((int)xmlp.getKltMaxFeatures());
  tracker.setWindowSize((int)xmlp.getKltWindowSize());
  tracker.setQuality(xmlp.getKltQuality());
  tracker.setMinDistance(xmlp.getKltMinDistance());
  tracker.setHarrisFreeParameter(xmlp.getKltHarrisParam());
  tracker.setBlockSize((int)xmlp.getKltBlockSize());
  tracker.setPyramidLevels((int)xmlp.getKltPyramidLevels());
  maskBorder = xmlp.getKltMaskBorder();
 
  // if(useScanLine)
  faces.getMbScanLineRenderer().setMaskBorder(maskBorder);
#else
  (void)configFile;
  (void)verbose;
  throw(vpException(vpException::ioError, "vpMbEdgeKltTracker::loadConfigFile() needs pugixml built-in 3rdparty"));
#endif
}
 
bool vpMbEdgeKltTracker::postTracking(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, vpColVector &w_mbt, vpColVector &w_klt,
  unsigned int lvl)
{
  postTrackingMbt(w_mbt, lvl);
 
  if (displayFeatures) {
    if (lvl == 0) {
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[lvl].begin(); it != lines[lvl].end(); ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceLine *l = *it;
        if (l->isVisible() && l->isTracked()) {
          l->displayMovingEdges(I);
        }
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[lvl].begin(); it != cylinders[lvl].end();
        ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy = *it;
        // A cylinder is always visible: #FIXME AY: Still valid?
        if (cy->isTracked())
          cy->displayMovingEdges(I);
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[lvl].begin(); it != circles[lvl].end(); ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci = *it;
        if (ci->isVisible() && ci->isTracked()) {
          ci->displayMovingEdges(I);
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  bool reInit = vpMbKltTracker::postTracking(I, w_klt);
 
  if (useScanLine) {
    m_cam.computeFov(I.getWidth(), I.getHeight());
    faces.computeClippedPolygons(m_cMo, m_cam);
    faces.computeScanLineRender(m_cam, I.getWidth(), I.getHeight());
  }
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::updateMovingEdge(I);
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::initMovingEdge(I, m_cMo);
  vpMbEdgeTracker::reinitMovingEdge(I, m_cMo);
 
  if (computeProjError)
    vpMbEdgeTracker::computeProjectionError(I);
 
  if (reInit)
    return true;
 
  return false;
}
 
bool vpMbEdgeKltTracker::postTracking(const vpImage<vpRGBa> &I_color, vpColVector &w_mbt, vpColVector &w_klt,
  unsigned int lvl)
{
  postTrackingMbt(w_mbt, lvl);
 
  if (displayFeatures) {
    if (lvl == 0) {
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[lvl].begin(); it != lines[lvl].end(); ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceLine *l = *it;
        if (l->isVisible() && l->isTracked()) {
          l->displayMovingEdges(I_color);
        }
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[lvl].begin(); it != cylinders[lvl].end();
        ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy = *it;
        // A cylinder is always visible: #FIXME AY: Still valid?
        if (cy->isTracked())
          cy->displayMovingEdges(m_I);
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[lvl].begin(); it != circles[lvl].end(); ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci = *it;
        if (ci->isVisible() && ci->isTracked()) {
          ci->displayMovingEdges(m_I);
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  bool reInit = vpMbKltTracker::postTracking(m_I, w_klt);
 
  if (useScanLine) {
    m_cam.computeFov(m_I.getWidth(), m_I.getHeight());
    faces.computeClippedPolygons(m_cMo, m_cam);
    faces.computeScanLineRender(m_cam, m_I.getWidth(), m_I.getHeight());
  }
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::updateMovingEdge(m_I);
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::initMovingEdge(m_I, m_cMo);
  vpMbEdgeTracker::reinitMovingEdge(m_I, m_cMo);
 
  if (computeProjError)
    vpMbEdgeTracker::computeProjectionError(m_I);
 
  if (reInit)
    return true;
 
  return false;
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::postTrackingMbt(vpColVector &w, unsigned int lvl)
{
  if (lvl >= scales.size() || !scales[lvl]) {
    throw vpException(vpException::dimensionError, "_lvl not used.");
  }
 
  unsigned int n = 0;
  vpMbtDistanceLine *l;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[lvl].begin(); it != lines[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      l = *it;
      unsigned int indexLine = 0;
      double wmean = 0;
 
      for (size_t a = 0; a < l->meline.size(); a++) {
        std::list<vpMeSite>::iterator itListLine;
        if (l->nbFeature[a] > 0)
          itListLine = l->meline[a]->getMeList().begin();
 
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < l->nbFeature[a]; i++) {
          wmean += w[n + indexLine];
          vpMeSite p = *itListLine;
          if (w[n + indexLine] < 0.5) {
            p.setState(vpMeSite::M_ESTIMATOR);
            *itListLine = p;
          }
 
          ++itListLine;
          indexLine++;
        }
      }
 
      n += l->nbFeatureTotal;
 
      if (l->nbFeatureTotal != 0)
        wmean /= l->nbFeatureTotal;
      else
        wmean = 1;
 
      l->setMeanWeight(wmean);
 
      if (wmean < 0.8)
        l->Reinit = true;
    }
  }
 
  // Same thing with cylinders as with lines
  vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[lvl].begin(); it != cylinders[lvl].end();
    ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      cy = *it;
      double wmean = 0;
      std::list<vpMeSite>::iterator itListCyl1;
      std::list<vpMeSite>::iterator itListCyl2;
      if (cy->nbFeature > 0) {
        itListCyl1 = cy->meline1->getMeList().begin();
        itListCyl2 = cy->meline2->getMeList().begin();
      }
 
      wmean = 0;
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cy->nbFeaturel1; i++) {
        wmean += w[n + i];
        vpMeSite p = *itListCyl1;
        if (w[n + i] < 0.5) {
          p.setState(vpMeSite::M_ESTIMATOR);
 
          *itListCyl1 = p;
        }
 
        ++itListCyl1;
      }
 
      if (cy->nbFeaturel1 != 0)
        wmean /= cy->nbFeaturel1;
      else
        wmean = 1;
 
      cy->setMeanWeight1(wmean);
 
      if (wmean < 0.8) {
        cy->Reinit = true;
      }
 
      wmean = 0;
      for (unsigned int i = cy->nbFeaturel1; i < cy->nbFeature; i++) {
        wmean += w[n + i];
        vpMeSite p = *itListCyl2;
        if (w[n + i] < 0.5) {
          p.setState(vpMeSite::M_ESTIMATOR);
 
          *itListCyl2 = p;
        }
 
        ++itListCyl2;
      }
 
      if (cy->nbFeaturel2 != 0)
        wmean /= cy->nbFeaturel2;
      else
        wmean = 1;
 
      cy->setMeanWeight2(wmean);
 
      if (wmean < 0.8) {
        cy->Reinit = true;
      }
 
      n += cy->nbFeature;
    }
  }
 
  // Same thing with circles as with lines
  vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[lvl].begin(); it != circles[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      ci = *it;
      double wmean = 0;
      std::list<vpMeSite>::iterator itListCir;
 
      if (ci->nbFeature > 0) {
        itListCir = ci->meEllipse->getMeList().begin();
      }
 
      wmean = 0;
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ci->nbFeature; i++) {
        wmean += w[n + i];
        vpMeSite p = *itListCir;
        if (w[n + i] < 0.5) {
          p.setState(vpMeSite::M_ESTIMATOR);
 
          *itListCir = p;
        }
 
        ++itListCir;
      }
 
      if (ci->nbFeature != 0)
        wmean /= ci->nbFeature;
      else
        wmean = 1;
 
      ci->setMeanWeight(wmean);
 
      if (wmean < 0.8) {
        ci->Reinit = true;
      }
 
      n += ci->nbFeature;
    }
  }
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::computeVVS(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, const unsigned int &nbInfos, unsigned int &nbrow,
  unsigned int lvl, double *edge_residual, double *klt_residual)
{
  vpColVector factor;
  nbrow = trackFirstLoop(I, factor, lvl);
 
  if (nbrow < 4 && nbInfos < 4) {
    throw vpTrackingException(vpTrackingException::notEnoughPointError, "Error: not enough features");
  }
  else if (nbrow < 4)
    nbrow = 0;
 
  unsigned int totalNbRows = nbrow + 2 * nbInfos;
  double residu = 0;
  double residu_1 = -1;
  unsigned int iter = 0;
 
  vpMatrix L(totalNbRows, 6);
  vpMatrix L_mbt, L_klt; // interaction matrix
  vpColVector weighted_error(totalNbRows);
  vpColVector R_mbt, R_klt; // residu
  vpMatrix L_true;
  vpMatrix LVJ_true;
 
  if (nbrow != 0) {
    L_mbt.resize(nbrow, 6, false, false);
    R_mbt.resize(nbrow, false);
  }
 
  if (nbInfos != 0) {
    L_klt.resize(2 * nbInfos, 6, false, false);
    R_klt.resize(2 * nbInfos, false);
  }
 
  vpColVector v; // "speed" for VVS
  vpRobust robust_mbt, robust_klt;
  vpHomography H;
 
  vpMatrix LTL;
  vpColVector LTR;
 
  double factorMBT; // = 1.0;
  double factorKLT; // = 1.0;
 
  // More efficient weight repartition for hybrid tracker should come soon...
  //   factorMBT = 1.0 - (double)nbrow / (double)(nbrow + nbInfos);
  //   factorKLT = 1.0 - factorMBT;
  factorMBT = 0.35;
  factorKLT = 0.65;
 
  if (nbrow < 4)
    factorKLT = 1.;
  if (nbInfos < 4)
    factorMBT = 1.;
 
  if (edge_residual != nullptr)
    *edge_residual = 0;
  if (klt_residual != nullptr)
    *klt_residual = 0;
 
  vpHomogeneousMatrix cMoPrev;
  vpHomogeneousMatrix ctTc0_Prev;
  vpColVector m_error_prev;
  vpColVector m_w_prev;
 
  bool isoJoIdentity = m_isoJoIdentity; // Backup since it can be modified if L is not full rank
  if (isoJoIdentity)
    oJo.eye();
 
  // Init size
  m_error_hybrid.resize(totalNbRows, false);
  m_w_hybrid.resize(totalNbRows, false);
 
  if (nbrow != 0) {
    m_w_mbt.resize(nbrow, false);
    m_w_mbt = 1; // needed in vpRobust::psiTukey()
  }
 
  if (nbInfos != 0) {
    m_w_klt.resize(2 * nbInfos, false);
    m_w_klt = 1; // needed in vpRobust::psiTukey()
  }
 
  double mu = m_initialMu;
 
  while (((int)((residu - residu_1) * 1e8) != 0) && (iter < m_maxIter)) {
    if (nbrow >= 4)
      trackSecondLoop(I, L_mbt, R_mbt, m_cMo, lvl);
 
    if (nbInfos >= 4) {
      unsigned int shift = 0;
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceKltPoints *>::const_iterator it = vpMbKltTracker::kltPolygons.begin();
        it != vpMbKltTracker::kltPolygons.end(); ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceKltPoints *kltpoly = *it;
        if (kltpoly->polygon->isVisible() && kltpoly->isTracked() && kltpoly->hasEnoughPoints()) {
          vpSubColVector subR(R_klt, shift, 2 * kltpoly->getCurrentNumberPoints());
          vpSubMatrix subL(L_klt, shift, 0, 2 * kltpoly->getCurrentNumberPoints(), 6);
          kltpoly->computeHomography(ctTc0, H);
          kltpoly->computeInteractionMatrixAndResidu(subR, subL);
          shift += 2 * kltpoly->getCurrentNumberPoints();
        }
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceKltCylinder *>::const_iterator it = kltCylinders.begin(); it != kltCylinders.end();
        ++it) {
        vpMbtDistanceKltCylinder *kltPolyCylinder = *it;
 
        if (kltPolyCylinder->isTracked() && kltPolyCylinder->hasEnoughPoints()) {
          vpSubColVector subR(R_klt, shift, 2 * kltPolyCylinder->getCurrentNumberPoints());
          vpSubMatrix subL(L_klt, shift, 0, 2 * kltPolyCylinder->getCurrentNumberPoints(), 6);
          try {
            kltPolyCylinder->computeInteractionMatrixAndResidu(ctTc0, subR, subL);
          }
          catch (...) {
            throw vpTrackingException(vpTrackingException::fatalError, "Cannot compute interaction matrix");
          }
 
          shift += 2 * kltPolyCylinder->getCurrentNumberPoints();
        }
      }
    }
 
    /* residuals */
    if (nbrow > 3) {
      m_error_hybrid.insert(0, R_mbt);
    }
 
    if (nbInfos > 3) {
      m_error_hybrid.insert(nbrow, R_klt);
    }
 
    unsigned int cpt = 0;
    while (cpt < (nbrow + 2 * nbInfos)) {
      if (cpt < (unsigned)nbrow) {
        m_w_hybrid[cpt] = ((m_w_mbt[cpt] * factor[cpt]) * factorMBT);
      }
      else {
        m_w_hybrid[cpt] = (m_w_klt[cpt - nbrow] * factorKLT);
      }
      cpt++;
    }
 
    bool reStartFromLastIncrement = false;
    computeVVSCheckLevenbergMarquardt(iter, m_error_hybrid, m_error_prev, cMoPrev, mu, reStartFromLastIncrement,
      &m_w_prev);
    if (reStartFromLastIncrement) {
      ctTc0 = ctTc0_Prev;
    }
 
    if (!reStartFromLastIncrement) {
      /* robust */
      if (nbrow > 3) {
        if (edge_residual != nullptr) {
          *edge_residual = 0;
          for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R_mbt.getRows(); i++)
            *edge_residual += fabs(R_mbt[i]);
          *edge_residual /= R_mbt.getRows();
        }
 
        robust_mbt.setMinMedianAbsoluteDeviation(m_thresholdMBT / m_cam.get_px());
        robust_mbt.MEstimator(vpRobust::TUKEY, R_mbt, m_w_mbt);
 
        L.insert(L_mbt, 0, 0);
      }
 
      if (nbInfos > 3) {
        if (klt_residual != nullptr) {
          *klt_residual = 0;
          for (unsigned int i = 0; i < R_klt.getRows(); i++)
            *klt_residual += fabs(R_klt[i]);
          *klt_residual /= R_klt.getRows();
        }
 
        robust_klt.setMinMedianAbsoluteDeviation(m_thresholdKLT / m_cam.get_px());
        robust_klt.MEstimator(vpRobust::TUKEY, R_klt, m_w_klt);
 
        L.insert(L_klt, nbrow, 0);
      }
 
      cpt = 0;
      while (cpt < (nbrow + 2 * nbInfos)) {
        if (cpt < (unsigned)nbrow) {
          m_w_hybrid[cpt] = ((m_w_mbt[cpt] * factor[cpt]) * factorMBT);
        }
        else {
          m_w_hybrid[cpt] = (m_w_klt[cpt - nbrow] * factorKLT);
        }
        cpt++;
      }
 
      if (computeCovariance) {
        L_true = L;
        if (!isoJoIdentity) {
          vpVelocityTwistMatrix cVo;
          cVo.build(m_cMo);
          LVJ_true = (L * cVo * oJo);
        }
      }
 
      residu_1 = residu;
      residu = 0;
      double num = 0;
      double den = 0;
 
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < weighted_error.getRows(); i++) {
        num += m_w_hybrid[i] * vpMath::sqr(m_error_hybrid[i]);
        den += m_w_hybrid[i];
 
        weighted_error[i] = m_error_hybrid[i] * m_w_hybrid[i];
        if (m_computeInteraction) {
          for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 6; j += 1) {
            L[i][j] *= m_w_hybrid[i];
          }
        }
      }
 
      residu = sqrt(num / den);
 
      computeVVSPoseEstimation(isoJoIdentity, iter, L, LTL, weighted_error, m_error_hybrid, m_error_prev, LTR, mu, v,
        &m_w_hybrid, &m_w_prev);
 
      cMoPrev = m_cMo;
      ctTc0_Prev = ctTc0;
      ctTc0 = vpExponentialMap::direct(v).inverse() * ctTc0;
      m_cMo = ctTc0 * c0Mo;
    }
 
    iter++;
  }
 
  computeCovarianceMatrixVVS(isoJoIdentity, m_w_hybrid, cMoPrev, L_true, LVJ_true, m_error_hybrid);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::computeVVSInit()
{
  throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "vpMbEdgeKltTracker::computeVVSInit() should not be called!");
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::computeVVSInteractionMatrixAndResidu()
{
  throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "vpMbEdgeKltTracker::"
    "computeVVSInteractionMatrixAndR"
    "esidu() should not be called!");
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::track(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I)
{
  try {
    vpMbKltTracker::preTracking(I);
  }
  catch (...) {
  }
 
  if (m_nbInfos >= 4) {
    unsigned int old_maxIter = m_maxIter;
    m_maxIter = m_maxIterKlt;
    vpMbKltTracker::computeVVS();
    m_maxIter = old_maxIter;
  }
  else {
    m_nbInfos = 0;
    // std::cout << "[Warning] Unable to init with KLT" << std::endl;
  }
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::trackMovingEdge(I);
 
  unsigned int nbrow = 0;
  computeVVS(I, m_nbInfos, nbrow);
 
  if (postTracking(I, m_w_mbt, m_w_klt)) {
    vpMbKltTracker::reinit(I);
 
    // AY : Removed as edge tracked, if necessary, is reinitialized in
    // postTracking()
 
    //    initPyramid(I, Ipyramid);
 
    //    unsigned int i = (unsigned int)scales.size();
    //    do {
    //      i--;
    //      if(scales[i]){
    //        downScale(i);
    //        initMovingEdge(*Ipyramid[i], cMo);
    //        upScale(i);
    //      }
    //    } while(i != 0);
 
    //    cleanPyramid(Ipyramid);
  }
 
  if (displayFeatures) {
    m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt = getFeaturesForDisplayKlt();
  }
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::track(const vpImage<vpRGBa> &I_color)
{
  vpImageConvert::convert(I_color, m_I);
  try {
    vpMbKltTracker::preTracking(m_I);
  }
  catch (...) {
  }
 
  if (m_nbInfos >= 4) {
    unsigned int old_maxIter = m_maxIter;
    m_maxIter = m_maxIterKlt;
    vpMbKltTracker::computeVVS();
    m_maxIter = old_maxIter;
  }
  else {
    m_nbInfos = 0;
    // std::cout << "[Warning] Unable to init with KLT" << std::endl;
  }
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::trackMovingEdge(m_I);
 
  unsigned int nbrow = 0;
  computeVVS(m_I, m_nbInfos, nbrow);
 
  if (postTracking(I_color, m_w_mbt, m_w_klt)) {
    vpMbKltTracker::reinit(m_I);
 
    // AY : Removed as edge tracked, if necessary, is reinitialized in
    // postTracking()
 
    //    initPyramid(I, Ipyramid);
 
    //    unsigned int i = (unsigned int)scales.size();
    //    do {
    //      i--;
    //      if(scales[i]){
    //        downScale(i);
    //        initMovingEdge(*Ipyramid[i], cMo);
    //        upScale(i);
    //      }
    //    } while(i != 0);
 
    //    cleanPyramid(Ipyramid);
  }
 
  if (displayFeatures) {
    m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt = getFeaturesForDisplayKlt();
  }
}
 
unsigned int vpMbEdgeKltTracker::trackFirstLoop(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, vpColVector &factor, unsigned int lvl)
{
  vpMbtDistanceLine *l;
  vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy;
  vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci;
 
  if (lvl >= scales.size() || !scales[lvl]) {
    throw vpException(vpException::dimensionError, "_lvl not used.");
  }
 
  unsigned int nbrow = initMbtTracking(lvl);
 
  if (nbrow == 0) {
    //     throw vpTrackingException(vpTrackingException::notEnoughPointError,
    //     "Error: not enough features in the interaction matrix...");
    return nbrow;
  }
 
  factor.resize(nbrow, false);
  factor = 1;
 
  unsigned int n = 0;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[lvl].begin(); it != lines[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      l = *it;
      l->computeInteractionMatrixError(m_cMo);
 
      double fac = 1;
      for (std::list<int>::const_iterator itindex = l->Lindex_polygon.begin(); itindex != l->Lindex_polygon.end();
        ++itindex) {
        int index = *itindex;
        if (l->hiddenface->isAppearing((unsigned int)index)) {
          fac = 0.2;
          break;
        }
        if (l->closeToImageBorder(I, 10)) {
          fac = 0.1;
          break;
        }
      }
 
      for (size_t a = 0; a < l->meline.size(); a++) {
        std::list<vpMeSite>::const_iterator itListLine;
        if (l->meline[a] != nullptr) {
          itListLine = l->meline[a]->getMeList().begin();
 
          for (unsigned int i = 0; i < l->nbFeature[a]; i++) {
            factor[n + i] = fac;
            vpMeSite site = *itListLine;
            if (site.getState() != vpMeSite::NO_SUPPRESSION)
              factor[n + i] = 0.2;
            ++itListLine;
          }
          n += l->nbFeature[a];
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[lvl].begin(); it != cylinders[lvl].end();
    ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      cy = *it;
      cy->computeInteractionMatrixError(m_cMo, I);
      double fac = 1.0;
 
      std::list<vpMeSite>::const_iterator itCyl1;
      std::list<vpMeSite>::const_iterator itCyl2;
      if ((cy->meline1 != nullptr || cy->meline2 != nullptr)) {
        itCyl1 = cy->meline1->getMeList().begin();
        itCyl2 = cy->meline2->getMeList().begin();
      }
 
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cy->nbFeature; i++) {
        factor[n + i] = fac;
        vpMeSite site;
        if (i < cy->nbFeaturel1) {
          site = *itCyl1;
          ++itCyl1;
        }
        else {
          site = *itCyl2;
          ++itCyl2;
        }
        if (site.getState() != vpMeSite::NO_SUPPRESSION)
          factor[n + i] = 0.2;
      }
 
      n += cy->nbFeature;
    }
  }
 
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[lvl].begin(); it != circles[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      ci = *it;
      ci->computeInteractionMatrixError(m_cMo);
      double fac = 1.0;
 
      std::list<vpMeSite>::const_iterator itCir;
      if (ci->meEllipse != nullptr) {
        itCir = ci->meEllipse->getMeList().begin();
      }
 
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ci->nbFeature; i++) {
        factor[n + i] = fac;
        vpMeSite site = *itCir;
        if (site.getState() != vpMeSite::NO_SUPPRESSION)
          factor[n + i] = 0.2;
        ++itCir;
      }
 
      n += ci->nbFeature;
    }
  }
 
  return nbrow;
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::trackSecondLoop(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, vpMatrix &L, vpColVector &error,
  const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cMo, unsigned int lvl)
{
  vpMbtDistanceLine *l;
  vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy;
  vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci;
 
  unsigned int n = 0;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[lvl].begin(); it != lines[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      l = *it;
      l->computeInteractionMatrixError(cMo);
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < l->nbFeatureTotal; i++) {
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
          L[n + i][j] = l->L[i][j];
          error[n + i] = l->error[i];
        }
      }
      n += l->nbFeatureTotal;
    }
  }
 
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[lvl].begin(); it != cylinders[lvl].end();
    ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      cy = *it;
      cy->computeInteractionMatrixError(cMo, I);
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < cy->nbFeature; i++) {
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
          L[n + i][j] = cy->L[i][j];
          error[n + i] = cy->error[i];
        }
      }
      n += cy->nbFeature;
    }
  }
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[lvl].begin(); it != circles[lvl].end(); ++it) {
    if ((*it)->isTracked()) {
      ci = *it;
      ci->computeInteractionMatrixError(cMo);
      for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ci->nbFeature; i++) {
        for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 6; j++) {
          L[n + i][j] = ci->L[i][j];
          error[n + i] = ci->error[i];
        }
      }
 
      n += ci->nbFeature;
    }
  }
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::setCameraParameters(const vpCameraParameters &cam)
{
  m_cam = cam;
 
  vpMbEdgeTracker::setCameraParameters(m_cam);
  vpMbKltTracker::setCameraParameters(m_cam);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::initFaceFromCorners(vpMbtPolygon &polygon)
{
  vpMbEdgeTracker::initFaceFromCorners(polygon);
  vpMbKltTracker::initFaceFromCorners(polygon);
}
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::initFaceFromLines(vpMbtPolygon &polygon)
{
  vpMbEdgeTracker::initFaceFromLines(polygon);
  vpMbKltTracker::initFaceFromLines(polygon);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::initCircle(const vpPoint &p1, const vpPoint &p2, const vpPoint &p3, double radius, int idFace,
  const std::string &name)
{
  vpMbEdgeTracker::initCircle(p1, p2, p3, radius, idFace, name);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::initCylinder(const vpPoint &p1, const vpPoint &p2, double radius, int idFace,
  const std::string &name)
{
  vpMbEdgeTracker::initCylinder(p1, p2, radius, idFace, name);
  vpMbKltTracker::initCylinder(p1, p2, radius, idFace, name);
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::display(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cMo,
  const vpCameraParameters &cam, const vpColor &col, unsigned int thickness,
  bool displayFullModel)
{
  std::vector<std::vector<double> > models =
    vpMbEdgeKltTracker::getModelForDisplay(I.getWidth(), I.getHeight(), cMo, cam, displayFullModel);
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i < models.size(); i++) {
    if (vpMath::equal(models[i][0], 0)) {
      vpImagePoint ip1(models[i][1], models[i][2]);
      vpImagePoint ip2(models[i][3], models[i][4]);
      vpDisplay::displayLine(I, ip1, ip2, col, thickness);
    }
    else if (vpMath::equal(models[i][0], 1)) {
      vpImagePoint center(models[i][1], models[i][2]);
      double n20 = models[i][3];
      double n11 = models[i][4];
      double n02 = models[i][5];
      vpDisplay::displayEllipse(I, center, n20, n11, n02, true, col, thickness);
    }
  }
 
  if (displayFeatures) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt.size(); i++) {
      if (vpMath::equal(m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][0], 1)) {
        vpImagePoint ip1(m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][1], m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][2]);
        vpDisplay::displayCross(I, ip1, 10, vpColor::red);
 
        vpImagePoint ip2(m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][3], m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][4]);
        double id = m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][5];
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << id;
        vpDisplay::displayText(I, ip2, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
      }
    }
  }
 
#ifdef VISP_HAVE_OGRE
  if (useOgre)
    faces.displayOgre(cMo);
#endif
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::display(const vpImage<vpRGBa> &I, const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cMo,
  const vpCameraParameters &cam, const vpColor &col, unsigned int thickness,
  bool displayFullModel)
{
  std::vector<std::vector<double> > models =
    getModelForDisplay(I.getWidth(), I.getHeight(), cMo, cam, displayFullModel);
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i < models.size(); i++) {
    if (vpMath::equal(models[i][0], 0)) {
      vpImagePoint ip1(models[i][1], models[i][2]);
      vpImagePoint ip2(models[i][3], models[i][4]);
      vpDisplay::displayLine(I, ip1, ip2, col, thickness);
    }
    else if (vpMath::equal(models[i][0], 1)) {
      vpImagePoint center(models[i][1], models[i][2]);
      double n20 = models[i][3];
      double n11 = models[i][4];
      double n02 = models[i][5];
      vpDisplay::displayEllipse(I, center, n20, n11, n02, true, col, thickness);
    }
  }
 
  if (displayFeatures) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt.size(); i++) {
      if (vpMath::equal(m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][0], 1)) {
        vpImagePoint ip1(m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][1], m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][2]);
        vpDisplay::displayCross(I, ip1, 10, vpColor::red);
 
        vpImagePoint ip2(m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][3], m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][4]);
        double id = m_featuresToBeDisplayedKlt[i][5];
        std::stringstream ss;
        ss << id;
        vpDisplay::displayText(I, ip2, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
      }
    }
  }
 
#ifdef VISP_HAVE_OGRE
  if (useOgre)
    faces.displayOgre(cMo);
#endif
}
 
std::vector<std::vector<double> > vpMbEdgeKltTracker::getModelForDisplay(unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
  const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cMo,
  const vpCameraParameters &cam,
  bool displayFullModel)
{
  std::vector<std::vector<double> > models;
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scales.size(); i += 1) {
    if (scales[i]) {
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[scaleLevel].begin(); it != lines[scaleLevel].end();
        ++it) {
        std::vector<std::vector<double> > currentModel =
          (*it)->getModelForDisplay(width, height, cMo, cam, displayFullModel);
        models.insert(models.end(), currentModel.begin(), currentModel.end());
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[scaleLevel].begin();
        it != cylinders[scaleLevel].end(); ++it) {
        std::vector<std::vector<double> > currentModel =
          (*it)->getModelForDisplay(width, height, cMo, cam, displayFullModel);
        models.insert(models.end(), currentModel.begin(), currentModel.end());
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[scaleLevel].begin();
        it != circles[scaleLevel].end(); ++it) {
        std::vector<double> paramsCircle = (*it)->getModelForDisplay(cMo, cam, displayFullModel);
        models.push_back(paramsCircle);
      }
 
      break; // displaying model on one scale only
    }
  }
 
#ifdef VISP_HAVE_OGRE
  if (useOgre)
    faces.displayOgre(cMo);
#endif
 
  return models;
}
 
void vpMbEdgeKltTracker::reInitModel(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, const std::string &cad_name,
  const vpHomogeneousMatrix &cMo, bool verbose, const vpHomogeneousMatrix &T)
{
  // Reinit klt
 
  // delete the Klt Polygon features
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceKltPoints *>::const_iterator it = kltPolygons.begin(); it != kltPolygons.end(); ++it) {
    vpMbtDistanceKltPoints *kltpoly = *it;
    if (kltpoly != nullptr) {
      delete kltpoly;
    }
    kltpoly = nullptr;
  }
  kltPolygons.clear();
 
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceKltCylinder *>::const_iterator it = kltCylinders.begin(); it != kltCylinders.end();
    ++it) {
    vpMbtDistanceKltCylinder *kltPolyCylinder = *it;
    if (kltPolyCylinder != nullptr) {
      delete kltPolyCylinder;
    }
    kltPolyCylinder = nullptr;
  }
  kltCylinders.clear();
 
  // delete the structures used to display circles
  vpMbtDistanceCircle *ci;
  for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles_disp.begin(); it != circles_disp.end(); ++it) {
    ci = *it;
    if (ci != nullptr) {
      delete ci;
    }
    ci = nullptr;
  }
 
  circles_disp.clear();
 
  firstInitialisation = true;
 
  // Reinit edge
  vpMbtDistanceLine *l;
  vpMbtDistanceCylinder *cy;
 
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < scales.size(); i += 1) {
    if (scales[i]) {
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceLine *>::const_iterator it = lines[i].begin(); it != lines[i].end(); ++it) {
        l = *it;
        if (l != nullptr)
          delete l;
        l = nullptr;
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCylinder *>::const_iterator it = cylinders[i].begin(); it != cylinders[i].end();
        ++it) {
        cy = *it;
        if (cy != nullptr)
          delete cy;
        cy = nullptr;
      }
 
      for (std::list<vpMbtDistanceCircle *>::const_iterator it = circles[i].begin(); it != circles[i].end(); ++it) {
        ci = *it;
        if (ci != nullptr)
          delete ci;
        ci = nullptr;
      }
 
      lines[i].clear();
      cylinders[i].clear();
      circles[i].clear();
    }
  }
 
  // compute_interaction=1;
  nline = 0;
  ncylinder = 0;
  ncircle = 0;
  // lambda = 1;
  nbvisiblepolygone = 0;
 
  // Reinit common parts
  faces.reset();
 
  loadModel(cad_name, verbose, T);
 
  m_cMo = cMo;
  init(I);
}
END_VISP_NAMESPACE
#elif !defined(VISP_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
// Work around to avoid warning: libvisp_mbt.a(vpMbEdgeKltTracker.cpp.o) has
// no symbols
void dummy_vpMbEdgeKltTracker() { };
#endif // VISP_HAVE_OPENCV