Visual Servoing Platform  version 3.6.1 under development (2024-12-12)
servoPololuPtuPoint2DJointVelocity.cpp

Example of eye-in-hand control law. We control here a real robot, a pan-tilt head controlled using a Pololu Maestro board where pan axis servo a connected to channel 0 and tilt axis to channel 1. The velocity is computed in joint. The visual feature is a 2D point corresponding to the center of gravity of an AprilTag. A Realsense camera is mounted on the pan-tilt unit.

/*
* ViSP, open source Visual Servoing Platform software.
* Copyright (C) 2005 - 2023 by Inria. All rights reserved.
*
* This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
* See the file LICENSE.txt at the root directory of this source
* distribution for additional information about the GNU GPL.
*
* For using ViSP with software that can not be combined with the GNU
* GPL, please contact Inria about acquiring a ViSP Professional
* Edition License.
*
* See https://visp.inria.fr for more information.
*
* This software was developed at:
* Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique
* Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu
* 35042 Rennes Cedex
* France
*
* If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
* Inria at visp@inria.fr
*
* This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
* WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
*
* Description:
* tests the control law
* eye-in-hand control
* velocity computed in joint
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <visp3/core/vpConfig.h>
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_POLOLU) && defined(VISP_HAVE_APRILTAG) && defined(VISP_HAVE_REALSENSE2)
#include <visp3/core/vpDisplay.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpException.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpHomogeneousMatrix.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpImage.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpTime.h>
#include <visp3/detection/vpDetectorAprilTag.h>
#include <visp3/gui/vpDisplayGDI.h>
#include <visp3/gui/vpDisplayGTK.h>
#include <visp3/gui/vpDisplayX.h>
#include <visp3/robot/vpRobotPololuPtu.h>
#include <visp3/sensor/vpRealSense2.h>
#include <visp3/visual_features/vpFeatureBuilder.h>
#include <visp3/visual_features/vpFeaturePoint.h>
#include <visp3/vs/vpServo.h>
#include <visp3/vs/vpAdaptiveGain.h>
#include <visp3/vs/vpServoDisplay.h>
void usage(const char **argv, int error, const std::string &device, int baudrate)
{
std::cout << "Name" << std::endl
<< " Example of eye-in-hand control law. We control here a real robot, a pan-tilt unit" << std::endl
<< " controlled using a Pololu Maestro board equipped.The PTU is equipped with a Realsense" << std::endl
<< " camera mounted on its end-effector.The velocity to apply to the PT head is a joint" << std::endl
<< " velocity.The visual feature is a point corresponding to the center of gravity" << std::endl
<< " of an AprilTag." << std::endl
<< std::endl;
std::cout << "Synopsis" << std::endl
<< " " << argv[0] << " [--device <name>] [--baud <rate>] [--verbose, -v] [--help, -h]" << std::endl
<< std::endl;
std::cout << "Description" << std::endl
<< " --device <name> Device name." << std::endl
<< " Default: " << device << std::endl
<< std::endl
<< " --baud <rate> Serial link baud rate." << std::endl
<< " Default: " << baudrate << std::endl
<< std::endl
<< " --verbose, -v Enable verbosity." << std::endl
<< std::endl
<< " --help, -h Print this helper message." << std::endl
<< std::endl;
if (error) {
std::cout << "Error" << std::endl
<< " "
<< "Unsupported parameter " << argv[error] << std::endl;
}
}
int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_VISP_NAMESPACE
using namespace VISP_NAMESPACE_NAME;
#endif
#ifdef _WIN32
std::string opt_device = "COM4";
#else
std::string opt_device = "/dev/ttyACM0";
// Example for Mac OS, the Maestro creates two devices, use the one with the lowest number (the command port)
//std::string opt_device = "/dev/cu.usbmodem00031501";
#endif
int opt_baudrate = 38400;
bool opt_verbose = false;
for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--device" && i + 1 < argc) {
opt_device = std::string(argv[i + 1]);
i++;
}
else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--verbose" || std::string(argv[i]) == "-v") {
opt_verbose = true;
}
else if (std::string(argv[i]) == "--help" || std::string(argv[i]) == "-h") {
usage(argv, 0, opt_device, opt_baudrate);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
else {
usage(argv, i, opt_device, opt_baudrate);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
}
try {
// Creating the servo object on channel 0
vpRobotPololuPtu robot(opt_device, opt_baudrate, opt_verbose);
/*
* Pololu PTU has the following axis orientation (rear view)
*
* tilt + <---- (end-effector-frame)
* |
* \/ pan +
*
* The PTU end-effector-frame is the following (rear view)
*
* /\ x
* |
* (e) ----> y
*
* The camera frame attached to the PT unit is the following (rear view)
*
* (c) ----> x
* |
* \/ y
*
* The corresponding cRe (camera to end-effector rotation matrix) is then the following
*
* ( 0 1 0)
* cRe = (-1 0 0)
* ( 0 0 1)
*
* Translation cte (camera to end-effector) can be neglected
*
* (0)
* cte = (0)
* (0)
*/
vpRotationMatrix cRe({ 0, 1, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 });
vpTranslationVector cte; // By default set to 0
// Robot Jacobian (expressed in the end-effector frame)
vpMatrix eJe;
// Camera to end-effector frame transformation
vpHomogeneousMatrix cMe(cte, cRe);
// Velocity twist transformation to express a velocity from end-effector to camera frame
vpColVector q(robot.getNDof());
q = 0;
std::cout << "Move PT to initial position: " << q.t() << std::endl;
robot.setPositioningVelocityPercentage(10.f);
robot.setPosition(vpRobot::JOINT_STATE, q);
vpTime::wait(1500); // TODO make setPosition() blocking
std::cout << "Min velocity resolution: " << vpMath::deg(robot.getAngularVelocityResolution()) << " deg/s" << std::endl;
// Initialize grabber
rs2::config config;
config.disable_stream(RS2_STREAM_DEPTH);
config.disable_stream(RS2_STREAM_INFRARED);
config.enable_stream(RS2_STREAM_COLOR, 640, 480, RS2_FORMAT_RGBA8, 30);
g.open(config);
std::cout << "Read camera parameters from Realsense device" << std::endl;
g.acquire(I);
// We open a window using either X11 or GTK or GDI.
// Its size is automatically defined by the image (I) size
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_X11)
vpDisplayX display(I, 100, 100, "Display X...");
#elif defined(VISP_HAVE_GTK)
vpDisplayGTK display(I, 100, 100, "Display GTK...");
#elif defined(VISP_HAVE_GDI)
vpDisplayGDI display(I, 100, 100, "Display GDI...");
#endif
vpServo task;
// Create current and desired point visual feature
// Sets the desired position of the visual feature
// Here we set Z desired to 1 meter, and (x,y)=(0,0) to center the tag in the image
pd.buildFrom(0, 0, 1);
// Define the task
// - we want an eye-in-hand control law
// - joint velocities are computed
// - interaction matrix is the one at desired position
task.set_cVe(cVe);
// We want to see a point on a point
task.addFeature(p, pd);
// Set the gain
//task.setLambda(2.0);
//vpAdaptiveGain lambda(2, 0.7, 30);
vpAdaptiveGain lambda(3.5, 2, 50);
task.setLambda(lambda);
// {
// vpColVector ve(6);
// ve = 0;
// ve[5] = vpMath::rad(5);
// double t_start = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
// while (vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_start < 3000) {
// robot.get_eJe(eJe);
// vpColVector q_dot = (cVe * eJe).pseudoInverse() * ve;
// robot.setVelocity(vpRobot::JOINT_STATE, q_dot);
// vpTime::wait(40);
// }
// return EXIT_SUCCESS;
// }
bool quit = false;
bool send_velocities = false;
vpColVector q_dot(robot.getNDof());
double min_pix_error = 10; // In pixels
double min_error = vpMath::sqr(min_pix_error / cam.get_px());
while (!quit) {
g.acquire(I);
{
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Left click to " << (send_velocities ? "stop the robot" : "servo the robot") << ", right click to quit.";
vpDisplay::displayText(I, 20, 20, ss.str(), vpColor::red);
}
if (detector.detect(I)) {
// We consider the first tag only
vpImagePoint cog = detector.getCog(0); // 0 is the id of the first tag
// Get the jacobian
robot.get_eJe(eJe);
task.set_eJe(eJe);
q_dot = task.computeControlLaw();
vpServoDisplay::display(task, cam, I);
double error = (task.getError()).sumSquare();
if (opt_verbose) {
std::cout << "|| s - s* || = " << error << std::endl;
}
if (error < min_error) {
if (opt_verbose) {
std::cout << "Stop the robot" << std::endl;
}
q_dot = 0;
}
}
else {
q_dot = 0;
}
if (!send_velocities) {
q_dot = 0;
}
if (vpDisplay::getClick(I, button, false)) {
switch (button) {
send_velocities = !send_velocities;
break;
quit = true;
q_dot = 0;
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
std::cout << "Stop the robot " << std::endl;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
catch (const vpException &e) {
std::cout << "Catch an exception: " << e.getMessage() << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
}
#else
int main()
{
std::cout << "You do not have a Pololu PTU connected to your computer..." << std::endl;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
#endif
Adaptive gain computation.
Generic class defining intrinsic camera parameters.
@ perspectiveProjWithoutDistortion
Perspective projection without distortion model.
Implementation of column vector and the associated operations.
Definition: vpColVector.h:191
static const vpColor red
Definition: vpColor.h:217
bool detect(const vpImage< unsigned char > &I) VP_OVERRIDE
vpImagePoint getCog(size_t i) const
Display for windows using GDI (available on any windows 32 platform).
Definition: vpDisplayGDI.h:130
The vpDisplayGTK allows to display image using the GTK 3rd party library. Thus to enable this class G...
Definition: vpDisplayGTK.h:133
static bool getClick(const vpImage< unsigned char > &I, bool blocking=true)
static void display(const vpImage< unsigned char > &I)
static void flush(const vpImage< unsigned char > &I)
static void displayText(const vpImage< unsigned char > &I, const vpImagePoint &ip, const std::string &s, const vpColor &color)
error that can be emitted by ViSP classes.
Definition: vpException.h:60
const char * getMessage() const
Definition: vpException.cpp:65
static void create(vpFeaturePoint &s, const vpCameraParameters &cam, const vpImagePoint &t)
Class that defines a 2D point visual feature which is composed by two parameters that are the cartes...
vpFeaturePoint & buildFrom(const double &x, const double &y, const double &Z)
Implementation of an homogeneous matrix and operations on such kind of matrices.
Class that defines a 2D point in an image. This class is useful for image processing and stores only ...
Definition: vpImagePoint.h:82
static double sqr(double x)
Definition: vpMath.h:203
static double deg(double rad)
Definition: vpMath.h:119
Implementation of a matrix and operations on matrices.
Definition: vpMatrix.h:169
vpCameraParameters getCameraParameters(const rs2_stream &stream, vpCameraParameters::vpCameraParametersProjType type=vpCameraParameters::perspectiveProjWithDistortion, int index=-1) const
void acquire(vpImage< unsigned char > &grey, double *ts=nullptr)
bool open(const rs2::config &cfg=rs2::config())
void get_eJe(vpMatrix &eJe) VP_OVERRIDE
void setVelocity(const vpRobot::vpControlFrameType frame, const vpColVector &vel) VP_OVERRIDE
Interface for the Pololu Maestro pan-tilt unit using two servo motors.
@ JOINT_STATE
Definition: vpRobot.h:82
@ STATE_POSITION_CONTROL
Initialize the position controller.
Definition: vpRobot.h:68
@ STATE_VELOCITY_CONTROL
Initialize the velocity controller.
Definition: vpRobot.h:67
@ STATE_STOP
Stops robot motion especially in velocity and acceleration control.
Definition: vpRobot.h:66
virtual vpRobotStateType setRobotState(const vpRobot::vpRobotStateType newState)
Definition: vpRobot.cpp:202
int getNDof() const
Definition: vpRobot.h:145
Implementation of a rotation matrix and operations on such kind of matrices.
static void display(const vpServo &s, const vpCameraParameters &cam, const vpImage< unsigned char > &I, vpColor currentColor=vpColor::green, vpColor desiredColor=vpColor::red, unsigned int thickness=1)
void setInteractionMatrixType(const vpServoIteractionMatrixType &interactionMatrixType, const vpServoInversionType &interactionMatrixInversion=PSEUDO_INVERSE)
Definition: vpServo.cpp:380
@ EYEINHAND_L_cVe_eJe
Definition: vpServo.h:168
void addFeature(vpBasicFeature &s_cur, vpBasicFeature &s_star, unsigned int select=vpBasicFeature::FEATURE_ALL)
Definition: vpServo.cpp:331
void set_cVe(const vpVelocityTwistMatrix &cVe_)
Definition: vpServo.h:1038
void setLambda(double c)
Definition: vpServo.h:986
void set_eJe(const vpMatrix &eJe_)
Definition: vpServo.h:1101
void setServo(const vpServoType &servo_type)
Definition: vpServo.cpp:134
vpColVector getError() const
Definition: vpServo.h:510
@ PSEUDO_INVERSE
Definition: vpServo.h:235
vpColVector computeControlLaw()
Definition: vpServo.cpp:705
@ DESIRED
Definition: vpServo.h:208
Class that consider the case of a translation vector.
VISP_EXPORT int wait(double t0, double t)