testImageMorphology.cpp

Test vpImageMorphology functions.

/****************************************************************************
 *
 * This file is part of the ViSP software.
 * Copyright (C) 2005 - 2017 by Inria. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 * See the file LICENSE.txt at the root directory of this source
 * distribution for additional information about the GNU GPL.
 *
 * For using ViSP with software that can not be combined with the GNU
 * GPL, please contact Inria about acquiring a ViSP Professional
 * Edition License.
 *
 * See http://visp.inria.fr for more information.
 *
 * This software was developed at:
 * Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique
 * Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu
 * 35042 Rennes Cedex
 * France
 *
 * If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
 * Inria at visp@inria.fr
 *
 * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * Description:
 * Test for vpImageMorphology functions.
 *
 * Authors:
 * Souriya Trinh
 *
 *****************************************************************************/
#include <visp3/core/vpImageMorphology.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpImageTools.h>
#include <visp3/io/vpImageIo.h>
#include <visp3/io/vpParseArgv.h>
#include <visp3/core/vpIoTools.h>

// List of allowed command line options
#define GETOPTARGS "cdi:n:h"


/*
  Print the program options.

  \param name : Program name.
  \param badparam : Bad parameter name.
  \param ipath: Input image path.
  \param nbiter : Iteration number.
 */
void usage(const char *name, const char *badparam, std::string ipath, int nbiter)
{
  fprintf(stdout, "\n\
Test vpImageMorphology functions.\n\
\n\
SYNOPSIS\n\
  %s [-i <input image path>] [-n <nb benchmark iterations>]\n\
     [-h]\n            \
", name);

  fprintf(stdout, "\n\
OPTIONS:                                               Default\n\
  -i <input image path>                                %s\n\
     Set image input path.\n\
     From this path read \"ViSP-images/Klimt/Klimt.pgm\"\n\
     and \"ViSP-images/Klimt/Klimt.ppm\" images.\n\
     Setting the VISP_INPUT_IMAGE_PATH environment\n\
     variable produces the same behaviour than using\n\
     this option.\n\
  -n <nb benchmark iterations>                               %d\n\
     Set the number of benchmark iterations.\n\
\n\
  -h\n\
     Print the help.\n\n",
    ipath.c_str(), nbiter);

  if (badparam)
    fprintf(stdout, "\nERROR: Bad parameter [%s]\n", badparam);
}

bool getOptions(int argc, const char **argv, std::string &ipath, int &nbIterations)
{
  const char *optarg_;
  int   c;
  while ((c = vpParseArgv::parse(argc, argv, GETOPTARGS, &optarg_)) > 1) {

    switch (c) {
    case 'i': ipath = optarg_; break;
    case 'n': nbIterations = atoi(optarg_); break;
    case 'h': usage(argv[0], NULL, ipath, nbIterations); return false; break;

    case 'c':
    case 'd':
      break;

    default:
      usage(argv[0], optarg_, ipath, nbIterations); return false; break;
    }
  }

  if ((c == 1) || (c == -1)) {
    // standalone param or error
    usage(argv[0], NULL, ipath, nbIterations);
    std::cerr << "ERROR: " << std::endl;
    std::cerr << "  Bad argument " << optarg_ << std::endl << std::endl;
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

void printMatrix(const vpImage<unsigned char> &I, const std::string &name) {
  std::cout << "\n" << name << ":" << std::endl;
  for(unsigned int i = 0; i < I.getHeight(); i++) {
    for(unsigned int j = 0; j < I.getWidth(); j++) {
      std::cout << static_cast<unsigned>(I[i][j]) << " ";
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
  }
}

// Erosion in the general case on grayscale images
void generalErosion(vpImage<unsigned char> &I, vpImageMorphology::vpConnexityType connexity = vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4) {
  if(I.getSize() == 0) {
    std::cerr << "Input image is empty!" << std::endl;
    return;
  }

  const unsigned char null_value = 255;

  vpImage<unsigned char> J(I.getHeight()+2, I.getWidth()+2);
  // Copy I to J and add border
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < J.getHeight(); i++) {
    if (i == 0 || i == J.getHeight() - 1) {
      for (unsigned int j = 0; j < J.getWidth(); j++) {
        J[i][j] = null_value;
      }
    } else {
      J[i][0] = null_value;
      memcpy(J[i]+1, I[i-1], sizeof(unsigned char)*I.getWidth());
      J[i][J.getWidth() - 1] = null_value;
    }
  }

  if (connexity == vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4) {
    unsigned int offset[5] = {1, J.getWidth(), J.getWidth()+1, J.getWidth()+2, J.getWidth()*2 + 1};

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < I.getHeight(); i++) {
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_J = J.bitmap + i*J.getWidth();
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_I = I.bitmap + i*I.getWidth();

      for (unsigned int j = 0; j < I.getWidth(); j++) {
        unsigned char min_value = null_value;
        for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
          min_value = std::min(min_value, *(ptr_curr_J + j + offset[k]));
        }

        *(ptr_curr_I + j) = min_value;
      }
    }
  } else {
    //CONNEXITY_8
    unsigned int offset[9] = {0, 1, 2, J.getWidth(), J.getWidth()+1, J.getWidth()+2,
                              J.getWidth()*2, J.getWidth()*2 + 1, J.getWidth()*2 + 2};

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < I.getHeight(); i++) {
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_J = J.bitmap + i*J.getWidth();
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_I = I.bitmap + i*I.getWidth();

      for (unsigned int j = 0; j < I.getWidth(); j++) {
        unsigned char min_value = null_value;
        for (int k = 0; k < 9; k++) {
          min_value = std::min(min_value, *(ptr_curr_J + j + offset[k]));
        }

        *(ptr_curr_I + j) = min_value;
      }
    }
  }
}

//Dilatation in the general case on grayscale images
void generalDilatation(vpImage<unsigned char> &I, vpImageMorphology::vpConnexityType connexity = vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4) {
  if(I.getSize() == 0) {
    std::cerr << "Input image is empty!" << std::endl;
    return;
  }

  const unsigned char null_value = 0;

  vpImage<unsigned char> J(I.getHeight()+2, I.getWidth()+2);
  // Copy I to J and add border
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < J.getHeight(); i++) {
    if (i == 0 || i == J.getHeight() - 1) {
      for (unsigned int j = 0; j < J.getWidth(); j++) {
        J[i][j] = null_value;
      }
    } else {
      J[i][0] = null_value;
      memcpy(J[i]+1, I[i-1], sizeof(unsigned char)*I.getWidth());
      J[i][J.getWidth() - 1] = null_value;
    }
  }

  if (connexity == vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4) {
    unsigned int offset[5] = {1, J.getWidth(), J.getWidth()+1, J.getWidth()+2, J.getWidth()*2 + 1};

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < I.getHeight(); i++) {
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_J = J.bitmap + i*J.getWidth();
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_I = I.bitmap + i*I.getWidth();

      for (unsigned int j = 0; j < I.getWidth(); j++) {
        unsigned char max_value = null_value;
        for (int k = 0; k < 5; k++) {
          max_value = std::max(max_value, *(ptr_curr_J + j + offset[k]));
        }

        *(ptr_curr_I + j) = max_value;
      }
    }
  } else {
    //CONNEXITY_8
    unsigned int offset[9] = {0, 1, 2, J.getWidth(), J.getWidth()+1, J.getWidth()+2,
                              J.getWidth()*2, J.getWidth()*2 + 1, J.getWidth()*2 + 2};

    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < I.getHeight(); i++) {
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_J = J.bitmap + i*J.getWidth();
      unsigned char *ptr_curr_I = I.bitmap + i*I.getWidth();

      for (unsigned int j = 0; j < I.getWidth(); j++) {
        unsigned char max_value = null_value;
        for (int k = 0; k < 9; k++) {
          max_value = std::max(max_value, *(ptr_curr_J + j + offset[k]));
        }

        *(ptr_curr_I + j) = max_value;
      }
    }
  }
}

//Generate a magic square matrix to get a consistent grayscale image
void magicSquare(vpImage<unsigned char> &magic_square, const int N) {
  magic_square.resize((unsigned int) N, (unsigned int) N, 0);

  int n = 1;
  int i = 0, j = N/2;

  while (n <= N*N) {
    magic_square[i][j] = vpMath::saturate<unsigned char>(n);
    n++;

    int newi = vpMath::modulo((i-1), N), newj = vpMath::modulo((j+1), N);

    if (magic_square[newi][newj]) {
      i++;
    } else {
      i = newi;
      j = newj;
    }
  }
}

int main(int argc, const char ** argv) {
  try {
    std::string env_ipath;
    std::string opt_ipath;
    std::string ipath;
    std::string filename;
    int nbIterations = 100;

    // Get the visp-images-data package path or VISP_INPUT_IMAGE_PATH environment variable value
    env_ipath = vpIoTools::getViSPImagesDataPath();

    // Set the default input path
    if (! env_ipath.empty())
      ipath = env_ipath;

    // Read the command line options
    if (getOptions(argc, argv, opt_ipath, nbIterations) == false) {
      exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // Get the option values
    if (!opt_ipath.empty())
      ipath = opt_ipath;

    // Compare ipath and env_ipath. If they differ, we take into account
    // the input path comming from the command line option
    if (opt_ipath.empty()) {
      if (ipath != env_ipath) {
        std::cout << std::endl
                  << "WARNING: " << std::endl;
        std::cout << "  Since -i <visp image path=" << ipath << "> "
                  << "  is different from VISP_IMAGE_PATH=" << env_ipath << std::endl
                  << "  we skip the environment variable." << std::endl;
      }
    }

    // Test if an input path is set
    if (opt_ipath.empty() && env_ipath.empty()){
      usage(argv[0], NULL, ipath, nbIterations);
      std::cerr << std::endl
                << "ERROR:" << std::endl;
      std::cerr << "  Use -i <visp image path> option or set VISP_INPUT_IMAGE_PATH "
                << std::endl
                << "  environment variable to specify the location of the " << std::endl
                << "  image path where test images are located." << std::endl << std::endl;
      exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }


    // Create a binary image
    unsigned char image_data[8*16] = {
      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0,
      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0,
      0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,
      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
      1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
      1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
      1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I(image_data, 8, 16, true);
    printMatrix(I, "I");


    //Regular code
    //Dilatation
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_dilatation1 = I;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_dilatation2 = I;

    vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_dilatation1, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_dilatation2, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);

    printMatrix(I_dilatation1, "I_dilatation1");
    printMatrix(I_dilatation2, "I_dilatation2");


    //Erosion
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_erosion1 = I_dilatation1;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_erosion2 = I_dilatation2;

    vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_erosion1, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_erosion2, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);

    printMatrix(I_erosion1, "I_erosion1");
    printMatrix(I_erosion2, "I_erosion2");


    //SSE code
    //Dilatation
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_dilatation1_sse = I;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_dilatation2_sse = I;

    vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_dilatation1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_dilatation2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);

    printMatrix(I_dilatation1_sse, "I_dilatation1_sse");
    printMatrix(I_dilatation2_sse, "I_dilatation2_sse");

    std::cout << "\n(I_dilatation1 == I_dilatation1_sse)? " << (I_dilatation1 == I_dilatation1_sse) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "(I_dilatation2 == I_dilatation2_sse)? " << (I_dilatation2 == I_dilatation2_sse) << std::endl;

    if ((I_dilatation1 != I_dilatation1_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_dilatation1 != I_dilatation1_sse)");
    }
    if ((I_dilatation2 != I_dilatation2_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_dilatation2 != I_dilatation2_sse)");
    }


    //Erosion
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_erosion1_sse = I_dilatation1_sse;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_erosion2_sse = I_dilatation2_sse;

    vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_erosion1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_erosion2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);

    printMatrix(I_erosion1_sse, "I_erosion1_sse");
    printMatrix(I_erosion2_sse, "I_erosion2_sse");

    std::cout << "\n(I_erosion1 == I_erosion1_sse)? " << (I_erosion1 == I_erosion1_sse) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "(I_erosion2 == I_erosion2_sse)? " << (I_erosion2 == I_erosion2_sse) << std::endl;

    if ((I_erosion1 != I_erosion1_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_erosion1 != I_erosion1_sse)");
    }
    if ((I_erosion2 != I_erosion2_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_erosion2 != I_erosion2_sse)");
    }


    //Check results against Matlab
    unsigned char image_data_dilated1[8*16] = {
      0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
      0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,
      0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,
      0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,
      1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,
      1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
      1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,
      1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_check_dilated1(image_data_dilated1, 8, 16, true);

    if (I_check_dilated1 != I_dilatation1_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_check_dilated1 != I_dilatation1_sse)");
    }


    unsigned char image_data_dilated2[8*16] = {
      0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,
      0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,
      0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
      0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,
      1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,
      1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,
      1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,
      1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_check_dilated2(image_data_dilated2, 8, 16, true);

    if (I_check_dilated2 != I_dilatation2_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_check_dilated2 != I_dilatation2_sse)");
    }


    unsigned char image_data_eroded1[8*16] = {
      0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
      0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
      0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,
      0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,
      0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
      1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
      1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
      1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_check_eroded1(image_data_eroded1, 8, 16, true);

    if (I_check_eroded1 != I_erosion1_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_check_eroded1 != I_erosion1_sse)");
    }


    unsigned char image_data_eroded2[8*16] = {
      0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
      0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,
      0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,
      0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,
      0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
      1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
      1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,
      1,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,1
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_check_eroded2(image_data_eroded2, 8, 16, true);

    if (I_check_eroded2 != I_erosion2_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_check_eroded2 != I_erosion2_sse)");
    }



    //Morphology on grayscale images
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square;
    magicSquare(I_magic_square, 17);
    printMatrix(I_magic_square, "I_magic_square");

    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_4 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_dilatation1 = I_magic_square;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse = I_magic_square;

    generalDilatation(I_magic_square_dilatation1, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);

    if ((I_magic_square_dilatation1 != I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_magic_square_dilatation1 != I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse)");
    }

    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_8 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_dilatation2 = I_magic_square;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse = I_magic_square;

    generalDilatation(I_magic_square_dilatation2, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);

    if ((I_magic_square_dilatation2 != I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_magic_square_dilatation2 != I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse)");
    }

    //Erosion CONNEXITY_4 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_erosion1 = I_magic_square_dilatation1;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_erosion1_sse = I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse;

    generalErosion(I_magic_square_erosion1, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_magic_square_erosion1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);

    if ((I_magic_square_erosion1 != I_magic_square_erosion1_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_magic_square_erosion1 != I_magic_square_erosion1_sse)");
    }

    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_8 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_erosion2 = I_magic_square_dilatation2;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_magic_square_erosion2_sse = I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse;

    generalErosion(I_magic_square_erosion2, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_magic_square_erosion2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);

    if ((I_magic_square_erosion2 != I_magic_square_erosion2_sse)) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I_magic_square_erosion2 != I_magic_square_erosion2_sse)");
    }


    //Check results against Matlab (grayscale)
    unsigned char image_data2_dilated1[17*17] = {
      174,193,212,231,250,255,255,255,255,39,58,77,96,115,134,153,154,
      192,211,230,249,255,255,255,255,38,57,76,95,114,133,152,170,172,
      210,229,248,255,255,255,255,37,56,75,94,113,132,151,170,172,190,
      228,247,255,255,255,255,36,55,74,93,112,131,150,169,187,190,208,
      246,255,255,255,255,51,54,73,92,111,130,149,168,187,189,208,226,
      255,255,255,255,51,53,72,91,110,129,148,167,186,204,207,226,244,
      255,255,255,50,68,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,206,225,244,255,
      255,255,49,68,70,89,108,127,146,165,184,203,221,224,243,255,255,
      255,48,67,85,88,107,126,145,164,183,202,221,223,242,255,255,255,
      47,66,85,87,106,125,144,163,182,201,220,238,241,255,255,255,255,
      65,84,102,105,124,143,162,181,200,219,238,240,255,255,255,255,45,
      83,102,104,123,142,161,180,199,218,237,255,255,255,255,255,45,63,
      101,119,122,141,160,179,198,217,236,255,255,255,255,255,44,63,81,
      119,121,140,159,178,197,216,235,254,255,255,255,255,43,62,81,99,
      136,139,158,177,196,215,234,253,255,255,255,255,42,61,80,99,117,
      138,157,176,195,214,233,252,255,255,255,255,41,60,79,98,117,135,
      156,175,194,213,232,251,255,255,255,255,40,59,78,97,116,135,135
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I2_check_dilated1(image_data2_dilated1, 17, 17, true);

    if (I2_check_dilated1 != I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I2_check_dilated1 != I_magic_square_dilatation1_sse)");
    }


    unsigned char image_data2_dilated2[17*17] = {
      192,211,230,249,255,255,255,255,255,57,76,95,114,133,152,154,154,
      210,229,248,255,255,255,255,255,255,75,94,113,132,151,170,172,172,
      228,247,255,255,255,255,255,255,74,93,112,131,150,169,171,190,190,
      246,255,255,255,255,255,255,73,92,111,130,149,168,187,189,208,208,
      255,255,255,255,255,255,72,91,110,129,148,167,186,188,207,226,226,
      255,255,255,255,255,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,206,225,244,244,
      255,255,255,255,70,89,108,127,146,165,184,203,205,224,243,255,255,
      255,255,255,69,88,107,126,145,164,183,202,221,223,242,255,255,255,
      255,255,85,87,106,125,144,163,182,201,220,222,241,255,255,255,255,
      65,84,86,105,124,143,162,181,200,219,238,240,255,255,255,255,255,
      83,102,104,123,142,161,180,199,218,237,239,255,255,255,255,255,255,
      101,103,122,141,160,179,198,217,236,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,63,
      119,121,140,159,178,197,216,235,254,255,255,255,255,255,255,81,81,
      120,139,158,177,196,215,234,253,255,255,255,255,255,255,80,99,99,
      138,157,176,195,214,233,252,255,255,255,255,255,255,79,98,117,117,
      156,175,194,213,232,251,255,255,255,255,255,255,78,97,116,135,135,
      156,175,194,213,232,251,255,255,255,255,255,59,78,97,116,135,135
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I2_check_dilated2(image_data2_dilated2, 17, 17, true);

    if (I2_check_dilated2 != I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I2_check_dilated2 != I_magic_square_dilatation2_sse)");
    }


    unsigned char image_data2_eroded1[17*17] = {
      174,174,193,212,231,250,255,255,38,39,39,58,77,96,115,134,153,
      174,192,211,230,249,255,255,37,38,38,57,76,95,114,133,152,154,
      192,210,229,248,255,255,36,37,37,56,75,94,113,132,151,170,172,
      210,228,247,255,255,36,36,36,55,74,93,112,131,150,169,172,190,
      228,246,255,255,51,51,36,54,73,92,111,130,149,168,187,189,208,
      246,255,255,50,51,51,53,72,91,110,129,148,167,186,189,207,226,
      255,255,49,50,50,53,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,206,225,244,
      255,48,49,49,68,70,89,108,127,146,165,184,203,206,224,243,255,
      47,48,48,67,70,88,107,126,145,164,183,202,221,223,242,255,255,
      47,47,66,85,87,106,125,144,163,182,201,220,223,241,255,255,45,
      47,65,84,87,105,124,143,162,181,200,219,238,240,255,255,45,45,
      65,83,102,104,123,142,161,180,199,218,237,240,255,255,44,45,45,
      83,101,104,122,141,160,179,198,217,236,255,255,255,43,44,44,63,
      101,119,121,140,159,178,197,216,235,254,255,255,42,43,43,62,81,
      119,121,139,158,177,196,215,234,253,255,255,41,42,42,61,80,99,
      136,138,157,176,195,214,233,252,255,255,40,41,41,60,79,98,117,
      138,156,175,194,213,232,251,255,255,40,40,40,59,78,97,116,135
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I2_check_eroded1(image_data2_eroded1, 17, 17, true);

    if (I2_check_eroded1 != I_magic_square_erosion1_sse) {
      printMatrix(I_magic_square_erosion1_sse, "I_magic_square_erosion1_sse");

      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I2_check_eroded1 != I_magic_square_erosion1_sse)");
    }


    unsigned char image_data2_eroded2[17*17] = {
      192,192,211,230,249,255,255,255,57,57,57,76,95,114,133,152,154,
      192,192,211,230,249,255,255,74,57,57,57,76,95,114,133,152,154,
      210,210,229,248,255,255,73,73,73,74,75,94,113,132,151,170,172,
      228,228,247,255,255,72,72,72,73,74,93,112,131,150,169,171,190,
      246,246,255,255,71,71,71,72,73,92,111,130,149,168,187,189,208,
      255,255,255,70,70,70,71,72,91,110,129,148,167,186,188,207,226,
      255,255,69,69,69,70,71,90,109,128,147,166,185,204,206,225,244,
      255,85,69,69,69,70,89,108,127,146,165,184,203,205,224,243,255,
      65,65,69,69,69,88,107,126,145,164,183,202,221,223,242,255,255,
      65,65,84,85,87,106,125,144,163,182,201,220,222,241,255,255,255,
      65,65,84,86,105,124,143,162,181,200,219,238,240,255,255,63,63,
      83,83,102,104,123,142,161,180,199,218,237,239,255,255,81,63,63,
      101,101,103,122,141,160,179,198,217,236,255,255,255,80,80,63,63,
      119,119,121,140,159,178,197,216,235,254,255,255,79,79,79,80,81,
      120,120,139,158,177,196,215,234,253,255,255,78,78,78,79,80,99,
      138,138,157,176,195,214,233,252,255,255,59,59,59,78,79,98,117,
      156,156,175,194,213,232,251,255,255,255,59,59,59,78,97,116,135
    };

    vpImage<unsigned char> I2_check_eroded2(image_data2_eroded2, 17, 17, true);

    if (I2_check_eroded2 != I_magic_square_erosion2_sse) {
      throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "(I2_check_eroded2 != I_magic_square_erosion2_sse)");
    }




    std::cout << std::endl;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt;
    filename = vpIoTools::createFilePath(ipath, "ViSP-images/Klimt/Klimt.pgm");
    vpImageIo::read(I_Klimt, filename);


    //Benchmark on binarized image (compare regular code with SSE implementation)


    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized = I_Klimt;
    vpImageTools::binarise(I_Klimt_binarized, (unsigned char) 127, (unsigned char) 127, (unsigned char) 0, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 1, true);


    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_4
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1 = I_Klimt_binarized;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1_sse = I_Klimt_binarized;

    double t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    double t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1 == I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1 == I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation1_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_8
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2 = I_Klimt_binarized;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2_sse = I_Klimt_binarized;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2 == I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2 == I_Klimt_binarized_dilatation2_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Erosion CONNEXITY_4
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1 = I_Klimt_binarized;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1_sse = I_Klimt_binarized;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1 == I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1 == I_Klimt_binarized_erosion1_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Erosion CONNEXITY_8
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2 = I_Klimt_binarized;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2_sse = I_Klimt_binarized;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2, (unsigned char) 1, (unsigned char) 0, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2 == I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2 == I_Klimt_binarized_erosion2_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;



    //Benchmark on grayscale images (compare regular code with SSE implementation)


    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_4 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_dilatation1 = I_Klimt;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_dilatation1_sse = I_Klimt;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      generalDilatation(I_Klimt_dilatation1, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_Klimt_dilatation1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_dilatation1 == I_Klimt_dilatation1_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_dilatation1 == I_Klimt_dilatation1_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_8 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_dilatation2 = I_Klimt;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_dilatation2_sse = I_Klimt;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      generalDilatation(I_Klimt_dilatation2, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::dilatation(I_Klimt_dilatation2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_dilatation2 == I_Klimt_dilatation2_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_dilatation2 == I_Klimt_dilatation2_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Erosion CONNEXITY_4 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_erosion1 = I_Klimt;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_erosion1_sse = I_Klimt;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      generalErosion(I_Klimt_erosion1, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_Klimt_erosion1_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_4);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_erosion1 == I_Klimt_erosion1_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_erosion1 == I_Klimt_erosion1_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Erosion CONNEXITY_8 grayscale
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_erosion2 = I_Klimt;
    vpImage<unsigned char> I_Klimt_erosion2_sse = I_Klimt;

    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      generalErosion(I_Klimt_erosion2, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t;

    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      vpImageMorphology::erosion(I_Klimt_erosion2_sse, vpImageMorphology::CONNEXITY_8);
    }
    t_sse = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_sse;

    std::cout << "(I_Klimt_erosion2 == I_Klimt_erosion2_sse)? "
              << (I_Klimt_erosion2 == I_Klimt_erosion2_sse)
              << " ; t=" << t << " ms ; t_sse="  << t_sse << " ms"
              << " ; speed-up=" << (t/t_sse) << "X" << std::endl;


    //Compare with OpenCV
#if (VISP_HAVE_OPENCV_VERSION >= 0x030000)
    std::cout << std::endl;

    cv::Mat cross_SE = cv::getStructuringElement(cv::MORPH_CROSS, cv::Size(3,3));
    cv::Mat rect_SE = cv::getStructuringElement(cv::MORPH_RECT, cv::Size(3,3));

    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_4 grayscale
    cv::Mat matImg_dilatation1;
    vpImageConvert::convert(I_Klimt, matImg_dilatation1);

    double t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      cv::morphologyEx(matImg_dilatation1, matImg_dilatation1, cv::MORPH_DILATE, cross_SE);
    }
    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_opencv;

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_matImg_dilatation1;
    vpImageConvert::convert(matImg_dilatation1, I_matImg_dilatation1);
    std::cout << "(I_matImg_dilatation1 == I_Klimt_dilatation1_sse)? "
              << (I_matImg_dilatation1 == I_Klimt_dilatation1_sse)
              << " ; t_opencv=" << t_opencv << " ms"
              << std::endl;


    //Dilatation CONNEXITY_8 grayscale
    cv::Mat matImg_dilatation2;
    vpImageConvert::convert(I_Klimt, matImg_dilatation2);

    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      cv::morphologyEx(matImg_dilatation2, matImg_dilatation2, cv::MORPH_DILATE, rect_SE);
    }
    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_opencv;

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_matImg_dilatation2;
    vpImageConvert::convert(matImg_dilatation2, I_matImg_dilatation2);
    std::cout << "(I_matImg_dilatation2 == I_Klimt_dilatation2_sse)? "
              << (I_matImg_dilatation2 == I_Klimt_dilatation2_sse)
              << " ; t_opencv=" << t_opencv << " ms"
              << std::endl;

    //Erosion CONNEXITY_4 grayscale
    cv::Mat matImg_erosion1;
    vpImageConvert::convert(I_Klimt, matImg_erosion1);

    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      cv::morphologyEx(matImg_erosion1, matImg_erosion1, cv::MORPH_ERODE, cross_SE);
    }
    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_opencv;

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_matImg_erosion1;
    vpImageConvert::convert(matImg_erosion1, I_matImg_erosion1);
    std::cout << "(I_matImg_erosion1 == I_Klimt_erosion1_sse)? "
              << (I_matImg_erosion1 == I_Klimt_erosion1_sse)
              << " ; t_opencv=" << t_opencv << " ms"
              << std::endl;


    //Erosion CONNEXITY_8 grayscale
    cv::Mat matImg_erosion2;
    vpImageConvert::convert(I_Klimt, matImg_erosion2);

    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs();
    for (int cpt = 0; cpt < nbIterations; cpt++) {
      cv::morphologyEx(matImg_erosion2, matImg_erosion2, cv::MORPH_ERODE, rect_SE);
    }
    t_opencv = vpTime::measureTimeMs() - t_opencv;

    vpImage<unsigned char> I_matImg_erosion2;
    vpImageConvert::convert(matImg_erosion2, I_matImg_erosion2);
    std::cout << "(I_matImg_erosion2 == I_Klimt_erosion2_sse)? "
              << (I_matImg_erosion2 == I_Klimt_erosion2_sse)
              << " ; t_opencv=" << t_opencv << " ms"
              << std::endl;

#endif

  } catch(vpException &e) {
    std::cout << "\nCatch an exception: " << e << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  std::cout << "\nTest of morphology erosion / dilatation functions are OK!" << std::endl;
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}